manic

Manic is an adjective relating to mania, an abnormally elevated or irritable mood with increased energy and activity. In psychiatric terminology, a manic state is a period during which a person experiences unusually prolonged and intensified mood, often with marked impairment in functioning. Mania is most commonly associated with bipolar I disorder.

Clinical features commonly include inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, pressured or rapid speech, flight of ideas or racing thoughts, distractibility, increased goal-directed activity, and engagement in risky activities. These symptoms must persist for a sustained period, typically at least one week, or require hospitalization. Mania may include psychotic features such as delusions or hallucinations. Distinguishing mania from hypomania, hypomania is a milder form with less impairment and no psychosis.

Causes and risk factors include genetic predisposition, neurochemical changes, and environmental stressors. Mania can be triggered or worsened by substances (for example stimulants or certain antidepressants) or by medical conditions. It may occur as part of bipolar I disorder or in other mood disorders.

Treatment aims to stabilize mood and prevent recurrence. In acute mania, emergency care may be required. Long-term management often combines pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Mood stabilizers such as lithium or valproate, and atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone, are commonly used. Psychosocial approaches include psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and family-focused therapy. Early recognition and adherence to treatment reduce relapse risk.

In everyday language, manic can describe someone with intense enthusiasm or energy, not necessarily indicating a clinical mania.