Risikotyper

Risikotyper are categories used in risk management to classify different sources of risk. The concept helps organizations structure risk registers, assessments, and mitigation plans. By organizing risks by type, teams can compare exposures, assign ownership, and allocate resources more consistently. Risikotyper frameworks are adapted to industry, regulatory context, and organizational size, and they are commonly used in governance, risk and compliance programs.

Common risikotyper categories include strategic risk (direction, competitive position, and long-term objectives), operational risk (process failures, human error, and system outages), financial risk (liquidity, credit, and funding risks), compliance and regulatory risk (laws, standards, and reporting requirements), cyber and information security risk (data breaches and system vulnerabilities), market risk (price and demand volatility), environmental and health and safety risk (accidents, pollution, and compliance with environmental laws), reputational risk (public perception and stakeholder trust), geopolitical or political risk (instability, sanctions, and policy changes), and supply chain risk (vendor disruptions, logistics, and dependency on single suppliers).

In practice, risikotyper support risk identification, assessment, prioritization, and treatment. They enable consistent scoring of likelihood and impact, assignment of risk owners, and alignment with the organization's risk appetite and tolerance. The taxonomy is often embedded in risk registers, heat maps, and reporting dashboards to inform decision-making and resource allocation for mitigation, transfer, acceptance, or avoidance.

Limitations include potential overlaps between categories and the need for customization to reflect specific threats in a sector. Categories can evolve over time as new technologies, regulations, and operating contexts emerge, requiring periodic review and refinement of the risikotyper framework.