Remunicipalization
Remunicipalization is the process by which municipal governments take back control of services that had previously been outsourced to private companies or quasi‑private entities, or which had been managed by larger inter-municipal corporations. The term is often used in the context of public utilities such as water supply, sewage treatment, public transport, waste management, and energy provision. The shift is usually motivated by concerns over service quality, cost, democratic accountability, and strategic control of essential infrastructure.
The movement gained prominence in the European Union during the late 1990s and early 2000s when liberalized
Supporters of remunicipalization stress that municipal control can foster long‑term investment, enhance service equity, and protect