Oslo

Oslo is the capital and largest city of Norway, located at the southern end of the Oslofjord and set among hills and forests in the southeastern part of the country. The municipality has a population around 700,000, with more than 1.5 million people in its urban region. Oslo serves as Norway’s administrative, economic, and cultural center.

The area has medieval roots and a long history of settlement dating back to the Viking Age. Oslo traces its modern origins to a settlement established around 1040 by King Olaf III and became the capital in 1299 under Haakon V. The city endured several fires and was rebuilt in 1624 by King Christian IV, who renamed it Christiania; the name Oslo was restored in 1925. Norway was occupied by Germany during World War II, and Oslo played a central role in postwar political and economic life.

Geographically, Oslo is bordered by the fjord and green hills, with extensive parkland and forested areas. Notable places include Vigeland Park in Frogner, the harbor district of Aker Brygge, and the Nordmarka wilderness to the north. The city is known for a waterfront redevelopment and a high quality of urban life with accessible outdoor spaces.

Oslo hosts government buildings, national agencies, and cultural institutions. The economy features public administration, maritime industries, technology, and services. The city provides a comprehensive transport network, including Oslo Central Station, a metro system (T-bane), trams, ferries, and a busy port.

Landmarks include the Royal Palace, Akershus Fortress, and the Oslo Opera House. The National Museum and the Munch Museum hold major Norwegian art collections. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony is held in Oslo, contributing to its international profile through museums, galleries, and festivals. The city has a temperate climate with mild winters and cool to warm summers and a diverse population.