Reinkeödeema

Reinkeödeema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of gelatinous material in the subepithelial space of the vocal cords. This leads to a characteristic thickening and swelling of the vocal cords, particularly in the anterior two-thirds. The condition is most commonly observed in middle-aged women, although it can affect individuals of any age and sex.

The primary cause of Reinkeödeema is thought to be chronic irritation of the vocal cords. Smoking is the most significant risk factor, with a strong association between the severity of the edema and the duration and intensity of smoking. Other contributing factors may include chronic laryngitis, exposure to environmental irritants, and vocal abuse.

The typical symptoms of Reinkeödeema include a progressive deepening of the voice (dysphonia), hoarseness, and a reduced vocal range. In severe cases, shortness of breath (dyspnea) may occur due to the significant swelling of the vocal cords narrowing the airway.

Diagnosis is usually made through laryngoscopy, which allows visualization of the swollen vocal cords. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Reinkeödeema primarily involves eliminating the causative factors. Smoking cessation is paramount. Voice rest and voice therapy may also be beneficial. In cases where conservative measures are insufficient or when there is significant airway compromise, surgical intervention may be considered to remove the excess gelatinous material from the vocal cords. Prognosis is generally good with appropriate management, especially with smoking cessation.