Ratels

Ratels, commonly known as honey badgers, are medium-sized carnivores native to Africa, Southwest Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The term ratel is often used for Mellivora capensis, the only living species in the genus Mellivora. They are famous for their fearless temperament and thick, loose skin that allows them to twist free when grabbed by predators. Their fur is typically dark with a distinctive pale dorsal stripe from the head to the base of the tail.

The body is stout with short legs, strong claws, and a broad head. Adults weigh roughly 8 to 14 kilograms and measure about 55 to 70 centimeters in body length, with a shorter tail. The skin is exceptionally tough, and the sense of smell is acute, helping them locate prey underground and in beehives.

Ratels are opportunistic omnivores. Their diet includes beetles, ants, termites, small mammals, birds, eggs, fruit, and honey; they are particularly noted for raiding beehives. They dig, climb, and swim as needed and are mostly solitary, except during breeding or when mothers are with cubs. They are primarily nocturnal or crepuscular but may be active during the day in cooler regions.

Distribution and habitat span a wide range of environments, including woodlands, savannas, grasslands, deserts, and scrublands. They den in burrows, rock crevices, or abandoned holes, and can adapt to various landscapes within their range.

Reproduction can occur year-round in tropical areas; gestation is about two months, with litters usually containing 1 to 4 young. Cubs are cared for by the mother for several months before becoming independent.

The species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its wide distribution and resilience, though local populations may decline from habitat loss, poisoning, and persecution by farmers.