Ramphastidae

Ramphastidae is a family of birds in the order Piciformes that includes toucans, aracaris, and toucanets. They are native to the Neotropical region, ranging from southern North America to northern Argentina, with the greatest diversity in the tropical forests of Central and South America.

Members of Ramphastidae are medium to large birds characterized by their distinctive, often vividly colored bills. The bill is notably elongated and lightweight due to a honeycomb-like internal structure, which provides strength without excessive weight. The family exhibits a range of plumage patterns, and most species have strong, colorful contrasts. They possess zygodactyl feet, with two toes pointing forward and two backward, which aids in perching and climbing.

Habitat use and diet vary by species but generally center on forested environments, including forest edges and secondary growth. Diet is primarily frugivorous, with fruit comprising the bulk of their intake; they also consume insects and, less commonly, small vertebrates. Some species may opportunistically eat eggs or nestlings when available.

Behaviorally, Ramphastidae species are typically diurnal and can be social, occurring in pairs or small groups outside the breeding season. They are cavity nesters, using tree holes often excavated by woodpeckers; both parents participate in incubation and feeding of the young. Eggs are typically white, and nest success depends on cavity availability and parental care.

Taxonomically, Ramphastidae includes several genera, notably Ramphastos (true toucans), Pteroglossus and Selenidera (aracaris and toucanets), and Aulacorhynchus (green toucanets). The group has been reshaped by molecular studies, and classifications may continue to evolve.