RFIDmerker

RFIDmerker, or RFID marker, refers to a small tag that stores data and can be read by a radio-frequency identification reader without requiring direct line of sight. A typical RFID marker consists of an integrated circuit (IC) and an antenna; the IC holds data such as an identifier and other attributes that help identify an object or asset.

An RFID system comprises readers (interrogators) and tags. Passive markers draw power from the reader’s radio field, while active markers include an onboard power source, enabling longer read ranges and, in some cases, additional sensors. Semi-passive markers have a battery for the IC’s operation but use the reader’s field to transfer data. Data on a marker can be static or configurable, depending on the tag type.

Frequencies determine range and use cases. Low-frequency tags (about 125–134 kHz) offer short-range, near-field communication suitable for proximity detections. High-frequency tags (13.56 MHz) provide moderate range and higher data rates. Ultra-high-frequency tags (860–960 MHz) allow longer read distances, and microwave bands can enable even longer ranges. Read performance is influenced by environmental factors such as metal, water, and interference from other devices.

Common applications include inventory and asset tracking, supply-chain tagging, library systems, retail anti-counterfeiting, access control, livestock and agriculture, and museum collections. Some RFID markers also serve as spatial or fiducial markers in conjunction with software for location-based services or augmented reality.

Standards such as ISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 14443-4, ISO/IEC 18000 and EPC Gen2 define communication methods and data formats to ensure interoperability. Privacy and security considerations, including encryption and access control, are important in many deployments to prevent unauthorized reading or cloning.