Prototüübid

Prototüübid are early representations of a product or system used to explore concepts, test feasibility, and gather user and stakeholder feedback before committing to full production. They can vary in fidelity from rough sketches to working assemblies, and may target different questions such as usability, manufacturability, or performance.

Common types include visual prototypes (appearance and layout), functional prototypes (core functions without full performance), throwaway or rapid prototypes (intended to be discarded after learning), and evolutionary prototypes (designed to be refined into the final product). In software, low-fidelity prototypes (sketches, wireframes) and high-fidelity prototypes (interactive simulations) are used to validate requirements and user flows. In hardware, prototyping may involve CAD models, 3D-printed parts, and assembled electronics.

Development typically follows an iterative cycle: define goals, build, test with users, analyze results, and revise. Prototypes help reduce risk, clarify requirements, and communicate concepts among designers, engineers, and stakeholders. Selection of fidelity, materials, and methods depends on budget, timeline, and the questions being addressed.

Common methods and tools include 3D printing, CNC machining, electronics prototyping boards, CAD, simulation software, and, in software, mockups and MVPs. While prototyping offers many benefits, it can incur costs and biases if not aligned with real-world constraints, and should not replace formal requirements work or user testing in later stages.