Prosessorijärjestelmä

A prosessorijärjestelmä, often referred to as a central processing unit (CPU) or processor, is the core component of a computer system responsible for executing instructions of a computer program. It performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the program. The processor's performance is typically measured in terms of clock speed, the number of instructions it can execute per second, and the number of cores it has.

There are two main types of processors: Central Processing Units (CPUs) and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). CPUs are designed for general-purpose processing, handling a wide range of tasks, while GPUs are optimized for parallel processing and are commonly used for graphics rendering and machine learning tasks. Processors can be categorized by their architecture, such as Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC), and by their manufacturing process, such as 7nm, 14nm, and 10nm.

The design and development of processors involve complex engineering processes, including circuit design, thermal management, and power consumption optimization. Processors are typically manufactured using semiconductor fabrication processes, with Intel and AMD being two of the leading companies in CPU manufacturing, and Nvidia and AMD in GPU manufacturing.

In recent years, there has been a trend towards multi-core processors, which contain two or more independent processing units (cores) within a single physical package. This allows for increased performance in multi-threaded and parallel computing applications. Additionally, advancements in processor technology have led to the development of specialized processors, such as those used in artificial intelligence and machine learning, which are optimized for specific tasks.