Prolaktiinitasoja

Prolaktiinitasoja refers to the measurement of prolactin levels in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone primarily produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. Its main function is to stimulate milk production in women after childbirth, a process known as lactation. Prolactin also plays a role in ovulation and menstrual cycles in women, and in men, it is involved in sperm production and reproductive function, though its exact role in males is less understood.

Elevated prolactin levels, known as hyperprolactinemia, can be caused by various factors. The most common cause is a prolactinoma, a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that overproduces prolactin. Other causes include certain medications, such as antipsychotics and some antidepressants, hypothyroidism, stress, physical activity, and kidney disease. In women, hyperprolactinemia can lead to irregular or absent menstrual periods, infertility, and milky nipple discharge (galactorrhea) even when not pregnant or breastfeeding. In men, symptoms can include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, infertility, and, less commonly, breast enlargement (gynecomastia) and milk production.

Diagnosing elevated prolactin levels involves a blood test. If high levels are detected, further investigations may be necessary to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause; prolactinomas are often treated with medication to shrink the tumor and lower prolactin levels. If medications are the culprit, switching to an alternative may resolve the issue. Other underlying conditions like hypothyroidism also need to be managed. Monitoring prolactin levels over time is important to assess the effectiveness of treatment.