Prognosår

Prognosår, also known as pressure ulcers or pressure sores, are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue that develop when persistent pressure is applied to the skin over bony prominences. These areas are particularly vulnerable due to reduced blood flow, which impairs healing and increases the risk of tissue damage. Prognosår commonly occur in individuals who are bedridden, wheelchair-bound, or have limited mobility, as prolonged pressure disrupts normal circulation and leads to tissue necrosis.

The development of prognosår is influenced by several factors, including prolonged pressure, friction, shear forces, moisture, malnutrition, and impaired circulation. Risk assessment tools, such as the Braden Scale, are often used to identify individuals at higher risk of developing these ulcers. Early detection and intervention are critical in preventing progression, as untreated prognosår can worsen rapidly, leading to deep tissue damage, infection, and systemic complications.

Prevention strategies focus on relieving pressure through regular repositioning, using supportive surfaces like mattresses or cushions designed to distribute weight evenly. Maintaining proper hygiene, keeping the skin dry, and ensuring adequate nutrition also play essential roles in reducing the risk. If a prognosår does develop, treatment typically involves wound care, infection management, and advanced therapies such as negative pressure wound therapy or skin grafts in severe cases.

Prognosår can affect individuals of all ages but are most commonly seen in elderly patients or those with chronic illnesses. Proper management not only aids in healing but also improves quality of life by reducing pain and preventing complications. Healthcare professionals, caregivers, and patients must work together to monitor and address risk factors to minimize the occurrence and severity of these ulcers.