Polimerje

Polimerje is the Slovenian term for polymers, referring to both the materials themselves and the science that studies their synthesis, properties, and applications. Polymers are large molecules built from repeating subunits called monomeri. They occur naturally, such as cellulose, proteins, DNA, and natural rubber, and are also synthetically produced, including polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride.

Polymers are characterized by their molecular weight and molecular architecture. They are formed by polymerization, which occurs mainly through two broad routes: addition (chain-growth) polymerization, such as free-radical or anionic/cationic processes, and condensation (step-growth) polymerization, where small molecules are released during linking. Based on behavior under heat and processing, polymers are classified as thermoplastics (soften reversibly with heat), thermosets (become permanently rigid after curing), and elastomers (high stretchability).

Key properties depend on factors such as molecular weight, tacticity, crystallinity, degree of crosslinking, and how the material is processed. Important physical markers include the glass transition temperature (Tg) and, for crystalline polymers, the melting temperature (Tm). These influence strength, stiffness, toughness, chemical resistance, and barrier performance.

Applications span a wide range of sectors, including packaging, construction, textiles, electronics, automotive, and medical devices. Environmental considerations focus on recycling and end-of-life management, with approaches such as mechanical and chemical recycling, as well as the development of biopolymers (for example polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoates) and other sustainable alternatives to conventional polymers.