Pohjaratkaisu

Pohjaratkaisu is a Finnish term referring to the layout of the ground floor or base level of a building, focusing on how spaces are arranged within the building envelope. It documents the placement of walls, doors, windows, stairs, and service cores and establishes the fundamental spatial logic and circulation. The concept translates program requirements into a functional footprint and guides structural, mechanical, and architectural decisions.

Key elements of a pohjaratkaisu include the overall footprint and shape of the plan, the organization of spaces and their relationships, circulation routes such as corridors and stairways, and the allocation of functional zones (public, private, and service areas). It also covers core facilities like stairs, elevators, and mechanical rooms, as well as alignment with the structural grid, daylight and views, accessibility, and connections to the site and surroundings.

Development and use: pohjaratkaisu is typically created in the early design phases as part of schematic or concept design. It is refined through collaboration among architects, clients, and engineers and checked against building codes and safety requirements. Digital tools such as BIM and 2D floor plans are commonly used to test configurations and coordinate with other building systems.

Why it matters: the pohjaratkaisu influences building performance, usability, and construction cost. A well-considered base plan supports efficient layout, flexible use, clear circulation, and compliant egress, while serving as a foundation for subsequent floor levels and architectural detailing. Examples vary by type, from residential layouts with entry, living spaces, kitchens, and bedrooms to office plans with reception, work zones, meeting rooms, and support areas.