Plumeria

Plumeria, commonly known as frangipani, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The group comprises several species and numerous hybrids and cultivars, cultivated for their striking, highly fragrant flowers. Native to tropical regions of the Americas and the Caribbean, plumerias are now grown widely in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in the Pacific islands, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa.

Description: Plumeria are small to medium-sized trees or large shrubs, typically 3–9 meters tall, with thick stems and glossy, elliptic leaves up to about 30 cm long. Flowers are produced in clusters and have five curved petals around a short tube; colors range from white and pink to yellow, often with a contrasting throat. The bloom fragrance is strong and sweet, most noticeable in the evening.

Cultivation and care: They prefer full sun and well-drained soil and are relatively drought-tolerant once established. Frost can damage or kill plants, so in cooler climates they are grown in containers and overwintered indoors. Propagation is commonly by semi-hardwood cuttings or grafting. Watering should be moderate during the growing season, and overwatering should be avoided. Fertilization with a balanced, phosphorus-rich fertilizer can enhance flowering.

Uses and ecology: Plumeria are valued as ornamental landscape plants in gardens, streets, and parks. The flowers are used to make leis in Hawaii and other Pacific cultures and appear in perfumery and cosmetic products. Pollination is mainly by hawk moths at night, though bees may visit. Common pests include spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids; root rot can occur in poorly drained soils.

Toxicity: All parts contain a milky latex that can irritate skin and eyes; ingestion may cause gastrointestinal distress. Handle with care around children and pets.