leis

Leis are garlands or necklaces traditionally made from flowers, leaves, shells, seeds, or nuts. Originating in the Hawaiian Islands, leis are used across the Pacific and elsewhere to symbolize welcome, affection, and honor. They are commonly given to visitors on arrival and are worn at celebrations, weddings, graduations, and other ceremonies.

The Hawaiian word lei denotes a garland. In English, leis is the common plural form, though in Hawaiian the concept can be singular or plural depending on context.

Materials and styles: Flower leis—such as pikake, plumeria, orchid, and jasmine—are the best known. Other leis use leaves (ti, hala), seeds or nuts (kukui), shells, or beads. Styles range from long, single-strand leis to haku leis (flower wreaths worn on the head) and kukui nut leis; some are strung in multiple strands or woven into shapes.

Construction, care, and etiquette: Fresh leis are typically made by threading individual elements onto string or cord, sometimes with knots to secure them. They are perishable and usually worn for a short time. In etiquette, leis are presented with both hands; recipients accept with a nod or slight bow and place the lei around the neck. Leis reflect aloha—the hospitality and spirit of welcome associated with Hawaiian culture.

History and modern context: Leis have long historical roots in Hawaii, used in religious rites and to honor aliʻi (chiefs). In the 19th and 20th centuries, they became widely associated with tourism and popular culture, leading to a proliferation of floral, shell, seed, and synthetic varieties.