alii

alii is the Latin nominative plural masculine form of the adjective alius, meaning “other” or “another.” As a pronoun it is used to refer to additional persons or things that have not yet been mentioned or are distinct from those already named. In classical Latin literature, alii frequently functions as a subject or object in clauses that contrast or enumerate individuals, for example in Cicero’s letters where he distinguishes one group of senators from alii. The word is also found in legal texts, where it denotes “other parties” or “additional persons” in contrast to a named individual or group.

Grammatically, alii follows the declension of alius and agrees in case, number, and gender with its referent. As a pronoun, it can be used predicatively or as a subject, and is often combined with prepositions such as cum (with), ab (by), or inter (between). In later Latin usage, alii appears in ecclesiastical manuscripts to refer to “others” in the sense of additional members of a clergy or congregation.

In modern scholarly works on classical languages, alii is cited for discussion of pronoun usage and syntactic construction. The term has also entered some legal English phrases, as in “the parties and alii” to indicate unnamed or other involved parties. While relatively rare outside of Latin studies, alii remains a useful lexical item in the analysis of ancient texts and the translation of legal documents that preserve Latin terminology.