kukui

Kukui, or the candlenut tree, refers to Aleurites moluccanus, a tropical evergreen in the spurge family. Native to parts of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, it is widely cultivated in tropical regions and designated as the state tree of Hawaii.

It grows as a medium- to large-sized tree, often reaching 10–20 meters in height. The leaves are variably lobed, and the tree produces small clusters of inconspicuous flowers. Mature trees bear three-lobed capsules containing one or more large nuts.

The nuts, called candlenuts, have a high oil content. When roasted, the oil can be pressed and used as lamp fuel or in traditional cosmetics and skin care. The shells and kernels are also used in crafts such as carving, beads, and leis.

In Hawaiian culture, the kukui holds particular significance. It is the state tree and appears in legends and symbols representing enlightenment and protection. Kukui nut leis are common in ceremonies, and the oil historically powered torches and lamps.

The seeds and certain plant parts contain compounds that can be toxic if ingested raw; processing is required for any edible or industrial use. The tree remains widespread and is not considered endangered.

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