Phodopus

Phodopus is a small genus of hamsters in the family Cricetidae, subfamily Cricetinae, commonly referred to as dwarf hamsters. The genus comprises three species that are widely kept as pets: Phodopus sungorus (the Djungarian or winter white hamster), Phodopus campbelli (Campbell’s dwarf hamster), and Phodopus roborovskii (Roborovski dwarf hamster). These species are among the smallest kept as laboratory or pet rodents, differing in size, temperament, and fur coloration.

All three species are compact, short-tailed hamsters with dense fur. Roborovski dwarf hamsters are the smallest, while P. sungorus and P. campbelli are larger. Coat colors vary by species and morph; P. sungorus is well known for the winter white morph, which appears light in winter conditions, whereas the other two species typically show brown-tan pelages.

In the wild, Phodopus inhabit arid and semiarid regions of Central Asia, including Mongolia, northern China, and the steppes of Russia and Kazakhstan. They are burrowers that forage mainly at night or during twilight, feeding on seeds, grains, grasses, and occasionally insects. Their natural behavior emphasizes exploration and gnawing, with a strong instinct for nesting and hoarding.

Behavior and care vary by species. P. sungorus is generally more sociable and can be housed in same-sex pairs or small groups when provided with ample space and enrichment; P. campbelli can be more territorial and may require separate housing or careful pairing; P. roborovskii is highly active and often kept in group housing. In captivity, they require a spacious cage with a solid floor, appropriate bedding, enrichment items such as tunnels and wheels, and a balanced diet of commercial hamster food supplemented with fresh vegetables and occasional protein.

Reproduction is rapid, with females gestating roughly 18 to 21 days and producing litters that commonly range from four to ten offspring. Lifespans in captivity are typically two to three years. Phodopus species are popular pets due to their small size and active behavior, but potential owners should seek reputable sources and follow appropriate care guidelines.