Perinatologists

Perinatologists are physicians who specialize in perinatology, also known as maternal-fetal medicine, the branch of obstetrics focused on the health of the mother and fetus during high-risk pregnancies. They provide comprehensive prenatal care, fetal assessment and therapy when needed, and coordinate closely with neonatology for the care of newborns with medical or surgical needs.

Training and certification: Perinatologists are typically obstetricians and gynecologists who complete a residency in obstetrics and gynecology and then undertake a fellowship in maternal-fetal medicine or perinatology. Many hold board certification in maternal-fetal medicine through their medical board, reflecting expertise in fetal imaging, prenatal diagnosis, genetics counseling, and the management of complex pregnancy complications.

Scope of practice: Their responsibilities include risk assessment for pregnancies affected by maternal conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and obesity; fetal conditions like congenital anomalies, genetic disorders, growth issues, or multiple gestations; and planning the course of care from prenatal testing to delivery and neonatal care. They perform and supervise advanced fetal imaging (ultrasound, echocardiography), offer fetal interventions when indicated, and collaborate with obstetricians, anesthesiologists, neonatologists, geneticists, and social workers to optimize outcomes.

Settings: Perinatologists typically work in tertiary or academic centers with access to specialized fetal medicine services and neonatal intensive care units. Their work often involves research and education in addition to patient care.