Paradoxornithidae

Paradoxornithidae, commonly known as parrotbills, are a family of small passerine birds. These birds are found in Asia, with a distribution that ranges from the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to China and eastern Russia. The family is characterized by its relatively short, thick, and often strongly curved bill, which gives them their common name. This specialized bill is adapted for their feeding habits, which often involve probing into dense vegetation, leaf litter, and bark for insects, seeds, and berries.

The plumage of paradoxornithids varies greatly depending on the species, but many exhibit cryptic coloration, with drab browns, grays, and olive tones, often with some streaking or spotting. However, some species, particularly males of certain species, can display brighter colors, including reds, yellows, and blues. They are generally small birds, typically ranging from 10 to 20 centimeters in length. Many species are social and can be found in flocks, especially outside the breeding season. Their vocalizations are often described as chirps, whistles, or trills, and their songs can be complex.

The taxonomy of Paradoxornithidae has been a subject of debate, with some classifications placing them within the Old World babblers (Timaliidae) or Sylviidae. However, recent molecular and morphological studies have supported their recognition as a distinct family. The family currently contains several genera and a significant number of species, though the exact number can vary between taxonomic authorities. They inhabit a range of environments, from dense forests and bamboo thickets to shrublands and grasslands, often preferring areas with thick undergrowth. Their secretive nature and preference for dense cover can make them challenging to observe.