Papercutting

Papercutting is the art of creating decorative designs by cutting shapes from a single sheet of paper. Crafters use scissors, craft knives, or scalpels to remove portions of the sheet, producing silhouettes, patterns, or scenes. The resulting image is defined by the interplay of positive and negative space and can be two‑dimensional or layered for color and depth.

Techniques vary widely. Common approaches include simple outlined silhouettes, intricate lattices or filigree, and complex negative-space work. Symmetry is often achieved by folding the paper and cutting one side to yield a mirror image when opened. Color effects are created by layering sheets of different hues, while texture can be added through perforations or delicate edgework. Materials range from lightweight tissue papers to heavier cardstock; rice paper and parchment are also used. Mounting and backing methods help display finished pieces.

History and regional styles reflect a broad cultural reach. Chinese papercutting, or jianzhi, dates to at least the 6th century and is tied to festivals, weddings, and New Year decorations, with motifs such as animals, flowers, and auspicious characters. In Europe, scherenschnitte developed in German-speaking and Alpine regions as a similar cut-paper tradition. Wycinanki is a related Polish form. In Japan, kirigami describes cut‑and‑fold techniques that create three‑dimensional effects. Modern practitioners blend traditional motifs with contemporary design, sometimes incorporating photography, graphic elements, or large-scale installations.

Uses and display vary from folk crafts and greeting cards to fine art and architectural installations. Conservation concerns for paper works include light exposure, humidity, and handling, making framing and proper mounting important for longevity.