kirigami

Kirigami is a paper craft that combines folding and cutting to transform a flat sheet into three-dimensional forms. The term derives from the Japanese kiru, meaning "to cut," and kami, meaning "paper." In kirigami, cuts or perforations are introduced deliberately, creating negative space and structural elements that contribute to the final form. This distinguishes it from traditional origami, which typically uses folding alone.

Historically, kirigami has roots in Japanese paper-cutting and decorative arts. The practice evolved through the 18th–20th centuries and gained international attention in the 20th century through artists and educators who adapted it for card-making, pop-ups, and architectural models. In many contexts, kirigami is used synonymously with fold-and-cut techniques, including snowflake patterns and lace-like designs.

Techniques range from simple cuts on a folded sheet to complex perforations and slice-and-fold methods that yield symmetrical outcomes. Common approaches include creating patterns by making a few cuts before unfolding, adding folds to shape 3D forms, and designing pop-up mechanisms that extend when opened. Papers vary from thin origami-weight stock to heavier sheets for robust pop-ups; color, pattern, and stamping may enhance effect.

Applications include art installations, graphic design, packaging, education, and decorative crafts. Kirigami is valued for its ability to produce delicate, geometric, or botanical silhouettes and for teaching concepts of symmetry, tessellation, and structural design.