Overarbeiding

Overarbeiding is a term used to describe a situation in which an individual or workforce performs more work than is sustainable, healthy, or contractually agreed. It encompasses extended hours, excessive task demands, and persistent pressure to prioritise output over rest. The concept is closely related to overtime, but overarbeiding emphasizes a sustained intensification of work burden rather than isolated instances of extra hours.

Common causes include understaffing, tight deadlines, insecure employment, inefficient task design, and organisational cultures that reward busyness. Indicators include regular long workweeks, insufficient rest breaks, chronic fatigue, sleep disturbance, and deteriorating job satisfaction. Demographic groups at higher risk can include frontline workers, caregivers, and employees in high-demand industries or during peak periods.

Health and organizational effects are significant. Health consequences can include burnout, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and cardiovascular stress. Work performance may decline, leading to more errors, reduced quality, lower productivity, and higher accident risk. Social and personal costs include reduced leisure time, strained relationships, and diminished recovery between shifts.

Management and mitigation strategies focus on workload balance and culture. Practical measures include limiting weekly hours and ensuring adequate rest breaks, conducting workload assessments, and redesigning tasks to improve efficiency. Organizational policies such as flexible scheduling, clearer boundaries for after-hours communication, and fair overtime compensation can help. Employee assistance programs and training on stress management also contribute to reducing overarbeiding.

Legal and regulatory contexts vary by country. Some jurisdictions set maximum working hours and require overtime compensation, while others encourage or mandate rest periods. In certain regions, policies like the right to disconnect aim to reduce after-hours work. See also overwork, burnout, and occupational health.