Osteoporoosiin

Osteoporoosiin, commonly known as osteoporosis in English, is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. The condition often develops silently over years and is most prevalent among postmenopausal women, though it can affect men and individuals of all ages.

The primary risk factors for osteoporosis include aging, hormonal changes such as decreased estrogen levels in women, insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions or medications that affect bone health. Genetic predisposition also plays a significant role.

Symptoms of osteoporosis are often subtle until a fracture occurs. Common fracture sites include the hips, spine, and wrists. Vertebral fractures may cause back pain, loss of height, and kyphosis. Early detection is crucial for management, and diagnosis is typically confirmed through bone density measurements using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Preventative strategies focus on maintaining healthy bone mass through adequate nutrition—rich in calcium and vitamin D—regular weight-bearing exercise, and lifestyle modifications. Pharmacological treatments may include bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, and other medications aimed at slowing bone loss or promoting bone formation.

Managing osteoporosis involves a combination of lifestyle changes, nutritional support, and, when necessary, medication to reduce fracture risk and improve quality of life. The condition underscores the importance of early screening and intervention, especially in high-risk populations, to prevent serious complications associated with fractures.