Ortodòntic

Ortodòntic is an adjective used to describe matters related to orthodontics, the dental specialty focused on diagnosing, preventing, and correcting irregularities of the teeth and jaws. The term derives from Greek roots meaning straight teeth. In clinical use, it often refers to treatments designed to improve bite alignment, facial harmony, and functioning of the masticatory system.

The scope of orthodontics includes the assessment and management of malocclusions such as crowding, spacing, crowding due to jaw-size discrepancies, and bite problems like overjet, overbite, crossbite, and open bite. It also covers growth modification in children and adolescents, as well as corrective procedures for adults. Orthodontic care may be sought for functional reasons (improved chewing or speech), esthetic concerns, or the prevention of future dental issues.

Common treatment modalities include fixed appliances, commonly known as braces, which may use metal or ceramic braces and can be complemented by wires and elastics. Removable appliances and aligner systems (for example, clear aligners) are also widely used, particularly for mild to moderate cases. In certain situations, additional devices such as expanders, headgear, or temporary anchor screws (TADs) may be employed to guide jaw growth or tooth movement.

The typical orthodontic process involves an initial examination, imaging (often including panoramic and cephalometric radiographs), bite registration, and a personalized treatment plan. Treatment duration commonly ranges from about one to three years, followed by a retention phase to stabilize results. Outcomes depend on factors such as case complexity, patient age, and adherence to care instructions.

Orthodontics is a dental specialty requiring specialized training beyond a general dental degree, including residency and, in some regions, board certification.