Ortodontiaa

Ortodontiaa, usually referred to as ortodontia or orthodontics, is a dental specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of misaligned teeth and jaws. The goal is to establish an efficient bite, improve chewing and speaking function, protect periodontal health, and enhance facial aesthetics. Treatments are suitable for children and adults and are tailored to individual malocclusions and growth status.

Malocclusions addressed include crowding, spacing, protrusion, deep bite, open bite, crossbites, and bite discrepancies between upper and lower teeth. Early evaluation is common in childhood, but many adults undergo treatment as well.

Diagnosis typically involves a clinical examination, dental impressions or digital scans, photographs, and radiographs such as panoramic and cephalometric imaging. Treatment planning considers factors like tooth positions, jaw relationships, growth potential, and airway health.

Treatment options include fixed appliances (metal or ceramic braces) and removable methods (clear aligners), along with various auxiliary devices such as elastics, palatal expanders, and in some cases headgear. In complex bite problems, orthodontic treatment may be combined with surgery or other dental disciplines.

Most orthodontic treatments require several months to a few years, depending on the complexity. After active alignment, a retention phase with retainers is necessary to maintain results and prevent relapse. Good oral hygiene is essential during treatment to minimize demineralization and gingival irritation.

Orthodontists are dental specialists trained specifically in orthodontia. The field has evolved from early mechanical appliances to contemporary digital planning and minimally visible options, with ongoing research in biomechanics, stability, and interdisciplinary care.