Orthognathous

Orthognathous is a term used in craniometry and anthropology to describe a facial profile that is flat or nearly flat. This means that the upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw (mandible) are relatively aligned with the forehead and chin, without significant protrusion or recession. In an orthognathous face, the nose appears to be less prominent, and the lips are often in a balanced position without being pushed forward. This contrasts with prognathism, where the jaws protrude forward, and retrognathism, where they recede.

The degree of facial projection is often measured using cephalometric analysis, which involves taking standardized X-rays of the skull. Specific angles and measurements are used to quantify facial convexity or flatness. While a perfectly orthognathous profile is rare, it is generally considered a characteristic of certain populations and can also be influenced by genetic factors and developmental processes.

In a clinical context, particularly in orthodontics and oral and maxillofacial surgery, the term orthognathous might be used to describe a balanced facial structure or as a reference point when planning surgical corrections for jaw alignment issues. A balanced facial profile, often associated with orthognathous features, is frequently considered aesthetically pleasing in many cultures. However, variations in facial profiles are normal, and orthognathous describes a specific configuration rather than an ideal standard of beauty.