Obesite

Obesity is a complex medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat that presents a risk to health. It is typically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. BMI is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. While BMI is a useful screening tool, it does not directly measure body fat and may not be accurate for all individuals, such as very muscular people.

The causes of obesity are multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and behavioral patterns. A primary driver is an energy imbalance, where calorie intake consistently exceeds calorie expenditure. This can be influenced by dietary habits, such as consuming high-calorie, low-nutrient foods, and by a lack of physical activity. Sedentary lifestyles are increasingly common in modern society.

Genetics can play a role in an individual's susceptibility to weight gain by influencing metabolism, appetite regulation, and fat distribution. Hormonal imbalances, certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism, and some medications can also contribute to obesity. Psychological factors, such as stress, depression, and emotional eating, can also impact weight.

Obesity is associated with a significantly increased risk of numerous chronic health problems. These include type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, certain types of cancer, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and fatty liver disease. It can also lead to reduced quality of life and social stigma. Management of obesity typically involves lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications and increased physical activity. In some cases, medical interventions like weight-loss medications or bariatric surgery may be considered.