NoCarkkitehtuurit

NoCarkkitehtuurit refers to Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures. These are a type of communication subsystem in integrated circuits, especially those with many processing cores. Instead of a traditional bus architecture that can become a bottleneck as the number of cores increases, NoCs use a network of routers and links to connect different components on a chip. This allows for parallel data transfer, improving performance and scalability.

The fundamental building blocks of a NoC include processing elements (PEs), routers, and network interfaces (NI). PEs are the computational units, routers direct data packets, and NIs handle the communication between PEs and the network. Data is transmitted in packets, similar to how data travels across the internet. Different routing algorithms exist to determine the path a packet takes through the network, each with its own trade-offs in terms of latency, complexity, and power consumption. Topology is another crucial aspect, defining how routers are interconnected, with common examples including mesh, torus, and tree structures.

NoCs are essential for modern System-on-Chip (SoC) designs, particularly in applications like high-performance computing, mobile devices, and artificial intelligence accelerators. They offer significant advantages in terms of bandwidth, latency, power efficiency, and modularity compared to older interconnect schemes. The development and optimization of NoC architectures continue to be an active area of research in the field of microelectronics.