Njurskada

Njurskada refers to damage to the kidneys, which are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones. This damage can be acute, meaning it develops suddenly and is often reversible, or chronic, developing gradually over time and potentially leading to permanent kidney failure.

Causes of njurskada are diverse. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can result from severe dehydration, blood loss, infections, certain medications, or blockages in the urinary tract. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more commonly caused by long-term conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney's filtering units), and polycystic kidney disease.

Symptoms of njurskada can vary depending on the severity and cause. Mild cases, particularly AKI, may present with no noticeable symptoms. As kidney function declines, individuals might experience fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, changes in urination frequency or appearance, nausea, loss of appetite, and muscle cramps. In advanced stages, complications like anemia, bone disease, and cardiovascular problems can arise.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure kidney function (creatinine and urea levels), urine tests to check for protein or blood, and imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans to visualize the kidneys. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause, manage symptoms, and slow the progression of kidney damage. This can include dietary changes, medication, blood pressure control, and in severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation. Early detection and management are crucial for preserving kidney health and preventing serious complications.