Netútvarp

Netútvarp is a term used primarily in Icelandic to denote broadcasting content over the Internet, including live radio streams, on-demand audio and video, and podcasts. It encompasses any distribution of media via IP networks rather than traditional terrestrial or satellite channels. Netútvarp differs from conventional broadcasting in its reliance on streaming technologies, global accessibility, and often on interactive features such as listener feedback, on-demand playback, and program schedules that can be customized by the user.

The concept emerged with the rise of broadband, streaming servers, and portable devices in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Early forms included web radio and audio streams accessible through simple players, followed by robust podcasting and live-streaming platforms. Technical implementations commonly use streaming protocols (for example HTTP-based adaptive streaming, RTMP, or WebSocket transport), codecs such as MP3 and AAC for audio or H.264 for video, and servers or CDNs to deliver content to browsers or apps. Content metadata, RSS feeds for podcasts, and geolocation or access controls can accompany Netútvarp offerings.

Netútvarp supports a range of formats: live broadcasts from studios via the Internet, on-demand sound or video libraries, and hybrid models that combine live programs with archived material. It enables independent creators, educational institutions, and community broadcasters to reach global audiences, but it also raises issues around licensing, rights management, monetization, and moderation. Related concepts include streaming media, web radio, and podcasts.