Neophema

Neophema is a genus of small, brightly colored Australian parakeets, commonly known as grass parrots. There are seven species within this genus: the blue-winged parrot (Neophema chrysopterygius), elegant parrot (Neophema elegans), orange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogaster), rock parrot (Neophema petrophila), scarlet-chested parrot (Neophema splendida), turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella), and Bourke's parrot (Neophema bourkii). These birds are characterized by their relatively small size, slender build, and distinct plumage patterns.

Grass parrots are found in various habitats across Australia, including grasslands, woodlands, and semi-arid regions. Their diet primarily consists of seeds, grasses, and occasional fruits and insects. Most species are ground-feeders, foraging for food on the ground or in low vegetation. They are often seen in pairs or small flocks, especially outside the breeding season.

Breeding behavior varies among species, but generally, they nest in tree hollows, termite mounds, or rock crevices. The clutch size typically ranges from three to seven eggs, and incubation is usually carried out by the female. Both parents participate in feeding the young.

Several Neophema species are popular in the avicultural trade due to their attractive coloration and relatively docile nature. However, some species, such as the orange-bellied parrot, are critically endangered in the wild, facing threats from habitat loss and introduced predators. Conservation efforts are underway to protect these vulnerable populations.