NDama

Ndama, also spelled N'Dama, is a West African breed of cattle (Bos taurus) notable for its natural resistance to trypanosomiasis, a disease transmitted by tsetse flies. Originating in the humid savanna and forest zones of West Africa, the breed is widely found in Guinea and neighboring countries, including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Senegal, and parts of Mali and Nigeria. It is among the principal trypanotolerant cattle used by smallholder farmers in regions affected by tsetse flies.

Ndama cattle are generally medium-sized, with a coat that ranges from light grey to black and sometimes includes white markings. They are typically humpless, with horns in many individuals, though some animals may be dehorned or naturally polled. The breed is well adapted to hot temperatures, irregular feed, and disease pressure common in tropical environments. They are known for a calm temperament and good foraging ability, aiding survival in extensive systems.

In production, Ndama are kept for both milk and beef, though milk yields are modest compared with specialized dairy breeds. They also contribute to livelihoods through draft power and as a source of meat and dairy products for local markets. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining trypanotolerance and local adaptation, while preventing excessive crossbreeding with trypano-sensitive zebu cattle, which can dilute the breed’s resistance traits.