Mèhnyálkahártyapolipok

Mèhnyálkahártyapolipok, also known as endometrial polyps, are noncancerous growths that can develop on the inner lining of the uterus, the endometrium. These polyps are typically small, sessile or pedunculated structures, meaning they can be flat or attached by a stalk. While the exact cause is not fully understood, hormonal influences, particularly estrogen, are believed to play a significant role in their formation. Other contributing factors may include obesity, hypertension, and the use of certain medications like tamoxifen.

The symptoms associated with endometrial polyps can vary widely. Some women experience no symptoms at all, and the polyps are discovered incidentally during routine gynecological exams or investigations for other conditions. When symptoms do occur, they most commonly include abnormal uterine bleeding. This can manifest as heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding), or bleeding after menopause. In some cases, polyps can also be a cause of infertility or recurrent miscarriage, although this is less common.

Diagnosis of endometrial polyps usually involves a transvaginal ultrasound, which can visualize the thickened endometrium and potential polypoid lesions. Further confirmation and assessment may be achieved through saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS), where sterile saline is injected into the uterus to enhance visualization of the endometrial cavity. The definitive diagnosis and treatment often involve a hysteroscopy, a procedure where a thin, lighted telescope is inserted into the uterus to directly view and remove the polyps. Removal of polyps is generally straightforward and can alleviate symptoms and improve fertility outcomes. Recurrence is possible, but removal is typically effective.