Murinae

Murinae is a subfamily of the family Muridae, within the order Rodentia. It comprises the majority of Old World mice and rats, including familiar genera such as Mus (house mice) and Rattus (rats). The group is highly diverse, with hundreds of described species and a wide range of ecological roles, from forest dwellers to urban commensals.

Geographic distribution is broad, spanning Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia, with many species adapted to a variety of habitats and climates. Some murines are highly adaptable and thrive in human-modified environments, where they can become agricultural pests or disease reservoirs.

Most murines are small to medium-sized rodents with continuously growing incisors specialized for gnawing. They typically have slender bodies, a relatively long tail, and fur that varies in length and color. Size and coat patterns differ among species, reflecting diverse ecological niches.

Ecology and behavior: Murines are mostly nocturnal omnivores. They reproduce quickly, with several litters per year in favorable conditions. Diet includes seeds, grains, fruits, invertebrates, and human foods; many form social groups and communicate with vocalizations and scent.

Interactions with humans and health: Several murine species are pests and vectors of disease, including Seoul virus carried by Rattus species. The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a key model organism in biomedical research. Conservation status varies by species; many are widespread, while others are threatened or endangered due to habitat loss and invasive predators.