Mononukleoosille

Mononukleoosille, commonly known as infectious mononucleosis or "kissing disease," is a contagious viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, but can occur at any age. The infection spreads through saliva, which explains its colloquial name. Transmission can also occur via contact with infected blood or blood products.

The incubation period for mononucleosis typically ranges from four to six weeks. Common symptoms include fatigue, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and enlarged spleen. Some individuals may also experience swollen tonsils, headache, muscle aches, and skin rashes. The illness usually resolves within two to four weeks, although fatigue can persist longer in some cases.

Diagnosis is mainly clinical, supported by blood tests such as the heterophile antibody test (Monospot) and blood counts. Atypical lymphocytes may be observed in a blood smear, and serological tests can confirm EBV infection.

There is no specific antiviral treatment for mononucleosis. Management focuses on relieving symptoms through adequate rest, hydration, and over-the-counter analgesics. Complications are rare but can include splenic rupture, airway obstruction, or liver inflammation. Because of the risk of splenic rupture, strenuous activities are generally discouraged during recovery.

Prevention involves avoiding contact with infected saliva, practicing good hygiene, and not sharing personal items like utensils or toothbrushes. Most people develop immunity after infection, preventing future episodes.

While mononucleosis is usually self-limiting, awareness of its symptoms and transmission routes can help reduce its spread and manage the disease effectively.