Mikrofúrás

Mikrofúrás, also known as microdrilling or microhole drilling, is a specialized precision machining process used to create small-diameter holes in various materials. This technique is essential in industries such as electronics, aerospace, medical devices, and watchmaking, where high precision and tight tolerances are critical. The process typically involves the use of miniature drills, often with diameters ranging from 0.001 to 0.5 millimeters, to produce holes with exceptional accuracy.

The primary applications of mikrofúrás include the fabrication of printed circuit boards (PCBs), the creation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and the drilling of cooling channels in turbine blades. Advanced techniques such as laser-assisted drilling or electrochemical machining are sometimes employed to achieve even finer details or to work with materials that are difficult to machine conventionally. These methods minimize material deformation and reduce the risk of heat-affected zones, ensuring the integrity of delicate components.

Several factors influence the success of mikrofúrás, including the choice of drill material—such as carbide, diamond, or polycrystalline diamond (PCD)—the cutting speed, feed rate, and coolant or lubrication methods. Proper tool selection and machining parameters are crucial to avoid issues like tool breakage, burr formation, or poor surface finish. Automation and computer numerical control (CNC) systems are often integrated into mikrofúrás processes to enhance repeatability and efficiency.

While mikrofúrás offers unparalleled precision, it also presents challenges, such as high costs, limited material compatibility, and the need for skilled operators. Advances in technology, including the development of micro-tools and adaptive control systems, continue to expand the capabilities of this technique, making it increasingly accessible for high-precision manufacturing applications.