Merikotkien

Merikotkien is a Finnish term referring to sea eagles, large birds of prey in the genus Haliaeetus. In Finland, the name is most closely associated with the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), a widespread seabird of northern Europe and Asia. The phrase can also be used more generally to describe sea eagles in other regions, where different species occupy similar ecological roles.

Taxonomically, sea eagles belong to the family Accipitridae and the genus Haliaeetus. Across its range, the group includes several species with similar lifestyles, such as the bald eagle (in North America) and Steller’s sea eagle (Far East Asia). These birds are characterized by large bodies, strong talons, broad wings, and an affinity for near-water habitats.

In appearance, adult merikotkat typically have a dark brown body, a pale head, and a white or light tail. They have long, broad wings and a substantial wingspan, often around 1.8 to 2.4 meters. Juveniles are usually darker with mottled plumage that changes with age.

Habitat and distribution center on coastal areas, rivers, lakes, and large wetlands. They are found across the Palearctic region and adjacent areas, with seasonal migrations in some populations. Their distribution is closely tied to open water and plentiful fish, which comprise the bulk of their diet.

Behavior and diet are dominated by fishing, supplemented by water birds, small mammals, carrion, and occasional kleptoparasitism. They nest in tall trees or cliffs, creating large, sturdy nests reused for multiple years. Pair bonds are often long-lasting, with coordinated hunting and shared parental care.

Conservation has improved in many areas after historic declines caused by habitat loss, hunting, and pesticide exposure. Today, merikotkat generally remain protected, though they face ongoing threats such as lead poisoning from ingested ammunition and habitat disturbance.

In Finland, merikotkat are a notable part of the wildlife landscape, with protected status and active monitoring to support population stability and recovery.