Mathematikangst

Mathematikangst, commonly translated as math anxiety, is a negative emotional response to mathematics that can range from mild discomfort to intense fear. It is not a reflection of general intelligence; it can hamper concentration, working memory, and problem solving during math tasks.

It typically develops in childhood or adolescence but may persist into adulthood. It manifests as pre-task worry, avoidance of math practice, or physical symptoms such as sweating or a racing heart. Prevalence estimates vary by culture and measure, but math anxiety is widely documented.

Contributing factors include prior negative experiences, instructional practices that emphasize performance, perceived stereotypes about ability, high cognitive load, and low math self-efficacy. Researchers also note socioeconomic and cultural influences; gender differences are inconsistently observed.

Consequences include impaired working memory during tasks, lower math achievement, reduced interest in STEM, and avoidance of math-related activities, creating a cycle of underachievement.

Assessment uses self-report scales such as the Math Anxiety Rating Scale and the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale, sometimes with behavioral or physiological indicators. These tools estimate anxiety levels and monitor change after interventions.

Interventions include cognitive-behavioral techniques, anxiety management, and repeated low-stakes exposure to math, combined with instructional strategies that emphasize mastery, explicit problem-solving, and minimizing evaluative pressure. A supportive classroom and growth-mindset approaches help reduce anxiety.

Addressing Mathematikangst is relevant for improving mathematics learning, reducing achievement gaps, and supporting participation in STEM fields.