Lézergravírozás

Laser engraving, known in Hungarian as “lézergravírozás”, is a process that uses a focused laser beam to mark or cut material surfaces with high precision. The laser, typically a solid‑state or fiber laser, emits light that is absorbed by the target material, causing localized heating, melting, or vaporization. The beam is directed by computer‑controlled optics to produce the desired image, text or pattern. Because the material is not physically removed through the usual cutting method, internal stresses are minimal, resulting in fine details and smooth edges.

The technique is versatile and can work on a wide range of substrates, including wood, stone, glass, acrylic, leather, metal, ceramic, and polymer composites. Material choice influences the laser’s power, wavelength, and pulse duration, as different substances absorb laser energy differently. For example, wood and acrylic respond well to CO2 lasers, while fiber lasers are suitable for metals like steel, aluminum or titanium because they operate in the near‑infrared region, which is efficiently absorbed by metal alloys.

Common applications of laser engraving span from personalized gifts and jewelry to industrial labeling, circuit board marking, and decorative signage. In manufacturing, it is used to create tool marks, part identification codes, and intricate millimeter‑scale designs that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with mechanical engraving. The non‑contact nature of the process also reduces contamination and preserves material integrity, making it attractive for high‑precision sectors such as aerospace, medical devices, and cultural heritage conservation.

Safety and environmental concerns are addressed by proper laser shielding, ventilation, and eye protection. The process emits minimal dust and no hazardous chemicals, and insulation or specific packages can help prevent accidental burns to operators. With continuous advances in laser technology, lézergravírozás is increasingly adopted in both artisanal crafting and high‑volume industrial production for its speed, accuracy and low post‑processing requirements.