Lycorma

Lycorma is a genus of planthoppers in the family Fulgoridae, order Hemiptera. The genus contains several described species, the best known being Lycorma delicula, commonly called the spotted lanternfly, an invasive pest in parts of North America. Lycorma species are found in Asia, with Lycorma delicula native to regions including China and neighboring countries.

Description and identification

Adults are generally 1 to 2 centimeters long, with forewings that are mottled gray to olive and bear numerous small black spots. When at rest, the wings obscure much of the body, but the hind wings are revealed in flight: bright red with black bands and white spots. Nymphs progress through several instars, starting black with white spots and later turning red with black markings. Egg masses are laid on tree trunks, rocks, or man-made structures and covered with a tan, mud-like coating for camouflage.

Ecology and host plants

Lycorma species feed on plant sap and can attack more than 100 plant species. The spotted lanternfly shows a strong preference for trees and crops such as grapevines, fruit trees, and hardwoods. Feeding can weaken plants and reduce vigor; honeydew excreted by the insects can foster sooty mold, affecting photosynthesis and fruit quality.

Life cycle and behavior

Eggs overwinter and hatch in spring. Nymphs pass through five instars before reaching adulthood, with adults typically visible in late summer to fall. Mating and egg production follow, with new egg masses laid as temperatures drop.

Distribution and impact

Native to Asia, Lycorma delicula has become established in parts of Korea and the United States, notably detected in Pennsylvania in 2014 and subsequently reported in multiple eastern states. It is a focus of quarantine, surveillance, and control efforts, including removal of egg masses, mechanical barriers, and targeted insecticide applications. Ongoing research explores biological control options and integrated management strategies.