Lisäinfarktia

Lisäinfarktia, also known as a reinfarction or recurrent myocardial infarction, refers to a second heart attack occurring after a previous myocardial infarction. This condition is a significant medical concern due to the increased risk of mortality and morbidity compared to the initial event. The risk of lisäinfarktia is higher in patients who have experienced a previous heart attack, particularly if the initial event was severe or if the patient has underlying cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or smoking.

The pathophysiology of lisäinfarktia involves the recurrence of coronary artery occlusion, leading to further damage to the heart muscle. The mechanisms behind this recurrence can include the progression of atherosclerosis, the formation of new atherosclerotic plaques, or the rupture of existing plaques, which can cause a thrombus to form and block the artery again. Additionally, the healing process after the initial infarction can be incomplete, leaving the heart vulnerable to further damage.

The diagnosis of lisäinfarktia is typically based on clinical symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, and biomarkers such as troponin levels. Treatment strategies for lisäinfarktia focus on managing the acute event and preventing future cardiovascular events. This may include medications such as thrombolytics, antiplatelets, and anticoagulants, as well as lifestyle modifications such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction are often prescribed long-term antiplatelet therapy to reduce the risk of recurrent events.

The prognosis for patients with lisäinfarktia is generally poorer than for those who experience their first heart attack. However, with appropriate medical management and lifestyle modifications, the risk of further cardiovascular events can be reduced, and the quality of life can be improved. Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential for managing the condition and preventing the recurrence of lisäinfarktia.