LiNGAM

The lingam, also transliterated linga, is a primary emblem of the Hindu god Shiva. In Shaivism it is typically an upright, smooth shaft of stone or metal, often set on a circular base called a yoni. Together, the lingam and yoni symbolize the union of Śiva and Śakti and the generative and sustaining powers of creation. It is widely used in temples and home shrines as a representation of Shiva's presence rather than a fixed anthropomorphic statue.

Etymology and meaning: The Sanskrit word linga means “mark” or “sign” and by extension “symbol.” Philosophically, the lingam is seen as a symbol of the formless Brahman and of the cosmic pillar at the heart of creation. Lingams vary in size and material; some are natural, svayambhū, while others are crafted for worship.

Worship and ritual: Lingams are the focus of daily rites and puja. They are bathed (abhisheka) with water, milk, yogurt, oil, and honey, and offerings of flowers, incense, and prayers are made. Devotees may recite mantras such as Om Namah Shivaya and circumambulate the sanctum as part of the worship.

Symbolism and interpretation: The lingam is commonly understood as a symbol of Shiva's power and of the cosmic axis that upholds creation, embodying the unity of masculine and feminine principles. In philosophy, it also serves as a focal point for contemplation on the absolute and the generative process of the universe.

Regional and cultural context: Lingams occur in diverse forms across India and in diaspora communities. They can be svayambhu (self-manifested) or specially installed for temples or household shrines. The lingam is central to Shaivism and figures prominently in many temples, particularly in South India and in Tamil Nadu.