incense

Incense is a substance that releases fragrant smoke when burned. It is used in religious ceremonies, rituals, meditation, aromatherapy, and to create a pleasant atmosphere. The term refers to both the material and its burning process.

Most incense consists of natural materials such as resins (frankincense, myrrh, benzoin, storax), woods (sandalwood, cedar), and essential oils, often bound to a carrier material. It can be sold in sticks, cones, coils, or as loose powder that is burned on charcoal or with a heating element. Some forms are pure resin clumps, others are paste pressed around a bamboo core.

Sticks and cones are designed to burn slowly, leaving ash and a fragrant smoke; powdered incense is typically burned on charcoal or in a warmers. Some forms are synthetic or blend natural ingredients with artificial fragrance.

Across cultures, incense has been used in temples and homes, to honor deities, mark rites, purify spaces, enhance meditation, and mask odors. Historically, it played a role in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, and the Mediterranean, often traded along long-distance routes.

Smoke can irritate eyes, throat, and lungs; use in well-ventilated areas, keep away from flammable objects, and place on heat-resistant holders. Children and pets should be supervised, and those with respiratory conditions may wish to limit exposure.

The word incense derives from Latin incensus 'set on fire,' and is related to the verb 'to burn.'