Lernstile

Lernstile (German for learning styles) denotes a family of theories that claim individuals have stable preferences for perceiving, processing, and storing information. Proponents suggest that aligning teaching methods with a learner’s preferred style enhances understanding, retention, and motivation. Common categorizations include the VARK model—Visual, Aural (auditory), Read/Write, and Kinesthetic—though many other frameworks exist, such as Kolb's experiential learning cycle and Dunn and Dunn's model.

Originating in the late 20th century, Lernstile gained popularity in schools and corporate training. The VARK framework was developed by Neil Fleming in 1987, while Kolb's theory dates from the 1980s. In German-speaking contexts, Lernstile are discussed as a way to diagnose learner preferences and tailor instruction, though the extent of their practical impact remains debated.

Evidence and criticisms: Systematic reviews have found limited or no evidence that instructional methods tailored to an individual's learning style improve educational outcomes. The learning-styles concept is widely regarded as a neuromyth by many researchers. Learners may have preferences, but they typically benefit from varied, multimodal instruction and from alignment to task demands, prior knowledge, and feedback.

Implications: Current best practice emphasizes multimodal or flexible instruction, universal design for learning, and formative assessment rather than fixed style-based matching. Educators are encouraged to present information through multiple channels and to allow students to demonstrate understanding through diverse means.