Leddbetennelse

Leddbetennelse, also known as arthritis, is a broad term encompassing over 100 conditions that affect the joints. It is characterized by inflammation within one or more joints, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. The exact cause of leddebetennelse varies depending on the specific type, but common triggers include wear and tear on the joints, autoimmune responses, infections, and metabolic issues.

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form, often referred to as degenerative joint disease. It develops when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints, causing chronic inflammation. Other forms include gout, psoriatic arthritis, and infectious arthritis.

Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe disability. Pain is a primary symptom, often worsening with activity and improving with rest. Stiffness, especially in the morning, is common. Swelling, redness, and warmth around the affected joint may also be present. Fatigue can accompany inflammatory types of leddebetennelse.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, blood tests to check for inflammation markers or specific antibodies, and imaging studies such as X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds to visualize the joint and assess damage.

Treatment aims to manage pain, reduce inflammation, preserve joint function, and prevent further joint damage. This can include medication such as pain relievers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, lifestyle modifications like exercise and weight management, and in some cases, surgery may also be part of the treatment plan.