Leatherspines

Leatherspines is a common name applied to a group of evergreen shrubs and small trees noted for thick, leathery leaves and spiny shoots. The term is used in horticulture and field guides to describe several closely related plants that share a similar appearance, though it does not denote a single formal taxon.

Description and morphology

Plants known as leatherspines typically reach from 0.5 to 6 meters in height, with a compact, branching form. Leaves are simple, usually arranged alternately or in a spiral, and possess a leathery texture that helps reduce water loss. Spines or sharp thorns line the younger stems, giving the shrub a defensive, rigid silhouette. Flowers, if present, are generally small and inconspicuous, often in panicles or loose clusters; fruit types vary by species, ranging from dry capsules to fleshy berries.

Taxonomy and classification

Leatherspines do not constitute a single, formally recognized genus. Instead, the name describes a descriptive group of species across multiple genera that have converged on a similar morphological suite. Because of this, taxonomic placement varies by source, with some authors treating leatherspines as a horticultural grouping rather than a discrete clade. This situation is common for plants valued primarily for morphology or ornamental use rather than for strict phylogenetic relationships.

Distribution and habitat

In nature, leatherspines inhabit arid and semi-arid regions, from coastal scrub to rocky inland slopes. They favor well-drained soils and full sun, often tolerating poor soils and drought once established. Some species are adapted to fire regimes and can resprout after burn events.

Uses and cultivation

Leatherspines are popular in xeriscapes and drought-tolerant landscaping for their structural form and year-round foliage. They are used as specimen plants, hedges, or border specimens. In cultivation, they require full sun, low to moderate irrigation, and occasional pruning to maintain shape.

Conservation

Many leatherspine species face habitat loss or over-collection in limited regions. Conservation measures typically emphasize habitat protection, sustainable cultivation, and seed banking to preserve genetic diversity.