landscaping
Landscaping is the process of designing, creating, and maintaining outdoor spaces to achieve aesthetic appeal, functional use, and environmental performance. It integrates horticulture, design, architecture, and ecology to shape gardens, yards, parks, and other nonbuilt spaces. Projects range from private residences to commercial campuses and public plazas, and can include planning, installation, and ongoing upkeep.
A landscape project typically begins with site analysis and client goals, followed by concept design, schematic
Design principles include unity, balance, rhythm, scale, simplicity, and a clear focal point. Good landscaping respects
Common landscape types include residential gardens, commercial campuses, urban plazas, ecological or native plant landscapes, xeriscapes,
Maintenance involves pruning, mowing or edging, fertilization, weed control, seasonal cleanup, and plant replacement. Many landscapes
Historically, landscaping has roots in ancient gardens and matured through European parks and American landscape architecture,