LDLs

Low-density lipoproteins, commonly known as LDLs, are a type of lipoprotein that transport cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the body's cells. They are essential for cellular function, as cholesterol is a component of cell membranes and a precursor for hormone synthesis. However, LDLs are often referred to as "bad cholesterol" because high levels in the bloodstream are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

This association arises from the process of atherosclerosis, where LDL particles can accumulate within the walls of arteries. Once in the arterial wall, LDLs can become oxidized and trigger an inflammatory response. This leads to the formation of plaque, which can narrow and harden the arteries, restricting blood flow. Over time, this plaque can rupture, leading to the formation of blood clots that can cause heart attacks or strokes.

The amount of LDL in the blood is influenced by several factors, including genetics, diet, exercise, and body weight. Diets high in saturated and trans fats tend to increase LDL levels, while diets rich in fiber and unsaturated fats can help lower them. Regular physical activity can also contribute to healthier LDL levels. Medical professionals often monitor LDL cholesterol levels as part of routine health screenings to assess an individual's cardiovascular risk.